1. Text number

Drangsong 019

2. Text title (where present) in Tibetan

༄༅།། རིག་འཛིན་འདུས་པའི་མངོན་རྟོགས་བཞུགསྷོ།།

3. Text title (where present) in Wylie transliteration

Rig ’dzin ’dus pa’i mngon rtogs bzhugs+ho/

4. A brief summary of the item’s contents

A practice text for the generation stage of a tantric sādhana ritual.

5. Number of folios

4 (3 + 1)

6. Scribe’s name

7. Translation of title

The visualisation of the assembly of knowledge-holders.

8. Transcription of colophon

nyes ’gal gyur nas bzod gsol ’dis kyang kun ’phel shog / ri ba mkhas btsun blo gros rgyal mtshan gyis thang lha lha khang gi shar mdun du sbyar ba rdzogs+sho/  dge ba gang zhig ’gro ba yongs la bsngo/ dge’o/ bkra shis/ trang srong thugs dgyes mdzod/ dge’o/ bkra shis/

9. Translation of colophon

Please put up with any errors there may be. May all [good things] flourish as a result of this [text]. Ri ba mKhas btsun blo gros rgyal mtshan composed [this work] in front of and to the east of the temple of mountain Thangla.

10. General remarks

In the colophon the author identifies himself as the scholar-monk (mKhas btsun) Blo gros rgyal mtshan. The location where he wrote the text is given as “in front of and to the east of the temple of mountain Thangla”. This is probably a reference to Mt Nyenchen Thangla, which is north of Lhasa.

11. Remarks on script

’bru tsha, dpe tshugs

12. Format

Loose leaves

13. Size

8 × 32.5

14. Layout

15. Illustrations and decorations

16. Paper type

Woven, 2 layers, polishing traces, a white paint on the paper surface ?

17. Paper thickness

0.21–0.35

18. Nos of folio sampled

f. 1

19. Fibre analysis

Daphne sp. and Stellera sp.

20. AMS ¹⁴C dating

21. XRF analysis

Main elements: Ca, Fe, K, S

Trace elements: Ti, Sr, Si

22. RTI

23. GCMS